The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The United States military dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9 respectively in the year 1945. Since that time, the most destructive event in world history has been reduced to a black-and-white image of a mushroom cloud. The decision to drop the bombs was ostensibly to avoid sending in ground troops. The same sort of justification is used today for drones.

In a 1985 essay in the Nation titled "Of Accidental Judgments and Casual Slaughters," Kai Erikson writes that one of the frightening aspects regarding the decision of the United States armed forces to drop atomic bombs on Japan was that even its main actors were disclaiming responsibility for the decision even as they were acting.

Donald Barthelme on Writing

 

Writer Donald Barthelme in his essay "Not-Knowing" says the writer not knowing what he or she is on about when he or she starts writing is crucial to the process. The process of writing is built around honed intuition, and for the writer, it all might as well be magic.

In this same essay on craft, Barthelme worries about many other things besides. One is the shrinking audience for literature. Another is the competition with TV and film. And still another is the possibility that the contemporary writer might have finally arrived at the point where there is not much more to do by way of art. Most of Barthelme's essay focuses on this latter issue.

Freedom and the American Revolution

The most curious fact about the American Revolution is that it happened at all. Historian Gordon Wood says that in the traditional sense, "Americans were not an oppressed people; they had no crushing imperial shackles to throw off. In fact, the Americans knew they were probably freer and less burdened with cumbersome feudal and monarchical restraints than any part of mankind in the eighteenth century." Even to many of its international observers, the revolution seemed a rebellion with little cause.

Perhaps, though, the cause of revolution ought not present itself as such a mystery, for it would appear that what brought about the American Revolution had to do with the conditions of the New World. The New World had given Americans the experience of what it was like to have to forge ahead in free circumstances. The Americans therefore "revolted not to create but to maintain their freedom," Wood says. "While the speculative philosophers of Europe were laboriously searching their minds in an effort to decide the first principles of liberty, the Americans had come to experience vividly that liberty in their everyday lives."

Julian Barnes on Writing

The Best American Essays series was not published until 1986. As is standard with any of the Best American books, The Best American Essays 1986 volume collects the putative best works of the previous year, 1985, the year of my birth.

As a writer of essays and autobiographical fiction, I owe it to myself to familiarize myself with the major works from my birthyear forward. Let's begin with the leadoff piece of this volume written by Julian Barnes titled "On Writer Worship."

Barnes claims to own a piece of fence that belonged to the house of writer W. Somerset Maugham (pictured left). Barnes also writes of a pilgrimage he took to the site of what was once the home (now destroyed) of Gustave Flaubert, where he came across a stuffed parrot that once sat on Flaubert's writing desk.

Tocqueville: Democracy in America

 

In 1831, a young French aristocrat named Alexis de Tocqueville traveled to the United States to make a study of the new country's prison system. While treading the fresh soil, he turned his attention to the character of the country itself. He became enamored by the democratic revolution the nation had undergone since its liberation from England in the war of 1776 and its establishment of its constitution in 1787.

In contrast to his native France and its development following the revolution of 1789 and the ascendancy of Napoleon in 1799, Tocqueville believed there was something much more egalitarian about the democratic character of the States. Moreover, he believed these egalitarian ideals he sensed in the real-life world of the citizens represented a new spirit of the age, one which he believed the whole world would come to emulate. He was not wrong.

At the same time Tocqueville admired the democracy and equality of the New World, he also observed some underdetermined features about the way the country operated which might lead to future malfunction. He was especially critical of how underdetermined legal matters were regarding political crimes as defined in national and state constitutions.